Beauty as Rhythm: Female Figures in the Collection of Traditional African Art of the State Hermitage Museum | Saint Petersburg
Exhibitions
On 27 July 2023, the exhibition “Beauty as Rhythm: Female Figures in the Collection of Traditional African Art of the State Hermitage Museum” begins its run in the General Staff building.The display features five wooden statues of women that belong to three different African cultures – Dan, Bamana (or Bambara) and Mossi – and date from around the turn of the 20th century.
Such sculptural depictions had both aesthetic and magical significance in the communities where they were created. In the Bamana culture, they were involved in male initiation rites and conveyed the most prominent features of an ideal woman – an oversized bust, coiffured hair and jewellery. Among the Mossi, they were produced for girls entering puberty. They could dress these figurines (in essence dolls), adorn them and anoint them with oil. Taking care of them became a compulsory practice for girls entering into womanhood.
Researchers term African statuettes of this kind “fertility figures” and their function is always bound up with the power of the feminine, the birth-giving, creative principle. One of the figures included in the exhibition, for example, depicts a woman with a child on her back. In this way, the sculptor focusses attention on the main female social role – motherhood.
The creators of the exhibition invite us to look at these objects as works of art capable of telling us about a different conception of beauty, one to which Europeans are unaccustomed. Strict realism is something alien to the African artists: they strive to convey meanings by different means. Beauty, in this instance, lies not in the harmony of specific features, but in correspondence to some ideal, to the archetype of the essentially feminine. That is created, first and foremost, with the aid of rhythm.
As Léopold Sédar Senghor, the French and Senegalese politician, poet and philosopher wrote: “For an African, a beautiful statue is one that evokes particular emotions in him. Here, for example, I have before me a statuette of the Dogon people. It does not in the least resemble an image of a beautiful woman, but this statuette of a seated woman is captivating, because it is imbued with rhythm.”
