Baotou · Wudangzhao
Wudangzhao is located deep in Wudanggou, Daqingshan, Jihuluntu Sumu, about 45 kilometers northeast of Shiguai District, Baotou. It is named after being built on the slope of a mountain called Aobao Mountain in Wudanggou. Wudangzhao means "Willow Tree Temple" in Mongolian. Its original name was Badaguerzhao, which means "White Lotus Temple" in Tibetan. After being renovated in the 14th year of the Qianlong reign, it was named Guangjue Temple. Wudangzhao was first built during the Kangxi period of the Qing Dynasty, modeled after the Tashilhunpo Monastery in Tibet. It was expanded multiple times during the reigns of Kangxi, Qianlong, Jiaqing, Daoguang, and Guangxu, forming its current scale. Wudangzhao is renowned alongside the Potala Palace in Tibet, Kumbum Monastery in Qinghai, and Labrang Monastery in Gansu as one of the four great Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in China. It is also the largest Tibetan Buddhist monastery in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region and has been designated as a national key cultural relic protection unit in the fourth batch.
Wudangzhao is built facing south according to the terrain. Its main buildings consist of six halls (Suguchin Hall, Dongke'er Hall, Queyila Hall, Danggehide Hall, Ahui Hall, Rimulun Hall), three residences (Ganzhuer Residence, Zhangjia Residence, Dongke'er Residence), and one mausoleum (Subugai Mausoleum). There are also more than sixty monk rooms and affiliated pagoda temple buildings. The entire complex has over 2,500 rooms including halls, scripture halls, and monk quarters, covering more than 300 acres. It is spread over a 1.5-kilometer-long hillside, with white buildings layered along the mountain, surrounded by mountains and shaded by green pines and cypresses, creating a magnificent and grand scene.
Suguchin Hall is the largest building in Wudangzhao, located at the front of the temple. It is three stories high and covers an area of 1,500 square meters. The front hall serves as the scripture hall, with eighty square pillars carved and painted with various floral patterns, and a carpet embroidered with cloud and dragon patterns. The walls of the main hall are fully covered with murals, and colorful banners hang from the ceiling. The hall is solemn and magnificent, hosting all major assemblies of the monastery. The rear hall is the Tibetan scripture pavilion, housing various Buddha statues, thangkas, and mandala shrines.
To the west of Suguchin Hall is Queyila Hall, built in the 15th year of the Daoguang reign (1835). This hall is dedicated to the study of Buddhist philosophy and is the largest academic department with the most monks in the monastery. Inside is the largest bronze Maitreya Buddha in Wudangzhao, standing ten meters tall. In front of the Maitreya Buddha are bronze statues of the Eight Medicine King Buddhas and Tsongkhapa.
On the platform behind these two halls is Dongke'er Hall, the earliest hall in Wudangzhao, built in the 14th year of the Qianlong reign (1749). It is three stories high, with yellow exterior walls symbolizing its noble status. It stands at the center of the entire temple complex, with other buildings arranged around it. In 1756, Emperor Qianlong named Wudangzhao "Guangjue Temple" and hung a plaque inscribed in Manchu, Han, Mongolian, and Tibetan scripts above the main door of Dongke'er Hall. This hall is the study department for Buddhist Kalachakra teachings, covering astronomy, calendar, mathematics, divination, and Tibetan calendar calculations. The front and rear halls are covered with murals and exquisite decorations. The square in front of the hall is used for scripture lectures and debates, serving as an academic examination site.
Adjacent to Dongke'er Hall is Danggehide Hall, built in the 15th year of the Qianlong reign (1750), commonly known as the "Discipline Hall." It is the protector deity hall of Wudangzhao, also called the Vajra Hall. This two-story hall houses nine vividly sculpted protector deities, including Mahakala, Wrathful Vajra, Victory Vajra, and the Auspicious Mother, with fierce expressions and holding various ritual implements.
Rimulun Hall, also called Lami Ren Hall, was built in the 18th year of the Guangxu reign (1892) and is the newest building in the temple complex. It is located on a high slope behind Danggehide Hall and serves as the department for Buddhist doctrine and discipline. This department is unique to Wudangzhao among Tibetan Buddhist monasteries in Inner Mongolia. The hall enshrines a nine-meter-tall bronze statue of Tsongkhapa, the founder of the Gelug school, in the center. On both sides are statues of his two main disciples, Gyaltsab Je and Khedrub Je. The wooden niches on both sides contain one thousand statues of Tsongkhapa.
Ahui Hall is a scripture hall for the study of medicine and esoteric Buddhism, built in the 5th year of the Jiaqing reign (1800). The colorful cave at the center of the ground floor enshrines Shakyamuni Buddha and his two disciples, flanked by the Eighteen Arhats and the Four Heavenly Kings. The statues have varied expressions and majestic presence, with the clay cave realistically steep and imposing. Protector deity paintings are on both sides of the door. The second floor mainly enshrines the main deities of this department, Victory Vajra and Medicine Buddha.
The three living Buddha residences are located south of Ahui Hall, namely Ganzhuer Residence, Zhangjia Residence, and Dongke'er Residence. Among them, the Dongke'er Living Buddha Residence is the largest, built in 1784 by the second living Buddha Rexinima during the 49th year of the Qianlong reign. The Ganzhuer and Zhangjia Residences on the left and right were built to accommodate the Ganzhuer Vahutuhtu of the Dolonnor Huizong Monastery and the Zhangjia National Preceptor, respectively.
Subugai Mausoleum was the residence of the first living Buddha Awang Querimo before the monastery was built. Since the first living Buddha founded Wudangzhao, after his death, the monks placed his stupa here to commemorate him. Subsequently, the stupas of the seventh living Buddha of Wudangzhao have also been preserved here. The stupas are exquisitely carved and inlaid with precious jewels and jade, with gilded exteriors.