Experience it for yourself; the sense of discipline and the power of faith are truly profound.
Mashhad is Iran's second-largest city, the capital of Razavi Khorasan Province, and the only major Iranian city with an Arabic name. It developed from the ancient city of Tus.
After 809 AD, it became a pilgrimage center for Shia Islam. Destroyed by the Mongols in 1220, it was rebuilt as Mashhad and later became a key transit point for caravans traveling from northern Iran to Central Asia, as well as a regional trade center. It is one of Iran's most prosperous agricultural regions and a center for the northern wool trade. Its main industries and trade involve spices, dyes, leather and leather goods, carpets, and silk products. As a political and religious center, it is the birthplace of Iran's current Supreme Leader, Ayatollah Sayyid Ali Khamenei.
Mashhad is a holy city for Shia Islam in Iran, renowned today for the Imam Reza shrine. This shrine, built to commemorate the Imam, has contributed to the city's continuous population growth. In the 9th century, before becoming Caliph, al-Ma'mun of the Abbasid dynasty, seeking the support of Shia Muslims, invited the eighth Shia Imam, Ali al-Ridha, to move from Medina to Tus and declared him his heir.
It is said that, fearing Ali al-Ridha's influence among the Shia, al-Ma'mun poisoned him. He was buried in a small village about 20 km from Tus. The village became known as "Mashhad al-Ridha" (meaning "the place of Ridha's martyrdom"). Later, a cemetery was established there, and Shia Muslims consider it a great honor to be buried there after death. Successive rulers have paid attention to the development of the area and the maintenance of the shrine, attracting a constant stream of visitors. Mashhad has flourished as a pilgrimage site and a hub for Central Asian trade. Over 20 million pilgrims visit the city annually, while Iran's total population is only 80 million.
We only spent half a day in Mashhad, not just as a stopover, but also to experience a Muslim holy city. Unfortunately, the shrine mosque does not allow non-Muslim women to enter, so the three women in our group could only go shopping. Mashhad is the origin of saffron, and you can buy the best and cheapest saffron in Iran here.