Yuanmingyuan is a large royal garden in the Qing Dynasty. It is located in the northwest suburbs of Beijing, composed of Yuanmingyuan, Changchunyuan and Hunchunyuan, so it is also called Yuanming Three Gardens. Yuanmingyuan covers an area of 3.5 square kilometers, with a construction area of 160,000 square meters, more than 150 scenery, and is known as the "Yuanmingyuan Garden". Qing emperor came here every summer to escape the heat, listen to the government, handle military and political affairs, so it is also called "summer palace". The Yuanmingyuan was built in 1707 (Kangxi 46 years), originally the gift garden of Kangxi Emperor to the emperor's four sons, Kangxi titled "yuan Yuanyuan", "yuan Yuan" as the "Yuanzheng Law No. After the arrival of the Zhengzheng in 1722, the original gift garden was expanded, and the Zhengda Guangming Palace and Qinzheng Palace were built in the south of the park, as well as many houses in the cabinet, six ministries and military aircraft, and wanted to "avoid the noise and listen to the government" in the summer. During the reign of Qianlong Emperor, in addition to the partial construction and renovation of the Yuanmingyuan, Changchun Garden was built in the east, and Wanchun Garden was merged in the southeast. The pattern of the Yuanmingyuan is basically formed. The Jiaqing Dynasty mainly renovated and built the Hunchun Garden (Wanchun Garden), making it one of the main gardening places. Dao Guang emperor, the state affairs are declining, the financial resources are insufficient, but Ning withdraws Wanshou, Xiangshan, Yuquan "three mountains" furnishings, stop the heat of the river to escape the heat and the hunting of magnolia, still do not give up the renovation and decoration of Yuanming Sanyuanyuan. On October 6, 1860, the British and French coalition forces looted the Summer Palace, looted cultural relics, burned, and wanted to repair it when the emperor was in the same period. Later, due to financial difficulties, they were forced to stop and rebuild other buildings. After the eight-country coalition forces, they were hit by bandits and finally turned into rubble. Under the creation and operation of the Qingshi for more than 150 years, the Yuanmingyuan has been known to the world for its grand regional scale, outstanding creation skills, exquisite architectural landscapes, rich cultural collections and profound national cultural connotations, and is known as "the model of all gardening art". French writer Victor Hugo called it "a model of ideal and art".