Mosul is a city in northern Iraq and the capital of Nineveh Province. It is close to the Turkish border and borders two autonomous provinces controlled by the Kurds to the north and southeast, earning it the nickname "Gateway to the North."
Mosul is the second-largest city in Iraq, with a population of about 1.792 million in 2023, mainly composed of Arabs, Kurds, and Turkmen.
More than 3,000 years ago, Mosul was the center of the ancient Assyrian Empire. In the 8th century, it became an important city in northern Mesopotamia. From 1534 to 1918, it was occupied by the Ottoman Empire of Turkey, and in 1926 it became part of Iraq.
The city is home to many historical sites, including numerous ancient castles, churches, mosques, monasteries, and palaces.
From 2014 to 2017, during the occupation of Mosul by ISIS (Islamic State of Iraq and Syria), the old city suffered severe destruction. In 2015, ISIS smashed artifacts in the Mosul Museum. In June 2017, as ISIS retreated, they blew up the Nuri Mosque and its minaret, which was over 800 years old and a landmark of Mosul.
Satellite images released by the United Nations show that nearly 500 buildings in the old city of Mosul were destroyed by war, and more than 5,000 buildings were damaged. Many historical buildings, cultural sites, and religious places in the old city were not spared. ISIS's destruction caused irreparable damage to Mosul's historical and cultural heritage.
In February 2018, UNESCO launched the "Reviving the Spirit of Mosul" initiative to begin restoring Mosul's historic buildings. With funding from the United Arab Emirates and years of effort, the Great Al-Nuri Mosque, the Monastery of Our Lady of Time, and the Al-Tahira Catholic Church have been restored. The restoration of residential houses is ongoing, with no unified "completion" date, depending on funding, debris clearance, demining, and ownership confirmation.
In 2026, may there be world peace, no more wars, and safety everywhere.