Worms, located in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate on the banks of the Rhine River, has a population of approximately 85,000 and is one of Germany's oldest cities, boasting over two thousand years of history. In ancient Roman times, it was an important military and trading center. In 1521, Martin Luther refused to withdraw his religious beliefs at the "Worms Parliament," a pivotal event in the history of the Reformation. Worms is also a key stage for the epic poem "The Nibelungenlied" and hosts the Nibelungen Theatre Festival annually. The city's most famous attractions include the magnificent Worms Cathedral, the Luther Memorial, and St. Sand's Cemetery, one of the oldest Jewish cemeteries in Europe, making it an ancient city rich in history, religion, and culture.
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Frankenthal, located in eastern Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, lies on the upper Rhine plain, between Ludwigshafen and Worms, and has a population of approximately 50,000. Founded in the Middle Ages, the city welcomed a large influx of religious refugees from the Netherlands in the 16th century, who brought with them textile, painting, and ceramic techniques, stimulating local economic and cultural development. In the 18th century, the renowned Frankenthal Porzellanmanufaktur porcelain factory became famous throughout Europe for its high-quality porcelain, making it one of Germany's important porcelain manufacturing centers. Today, the city center still retains pleasant pedestrian streets, squares, and historical buildings, and the Erkenbert Museum showcases the city's history and porcelain culture. The annual Strohhutfest (Straw Hat Festival) is one of Germany's largest street festivals, attracting numerous visitors.